Key Figures Chief of State: President Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin Head of Government: Premier Mikhail Mishustin Overview Government Name: Russian Federation Constitution: Adopted: ; Details fundamentals of the constitutional system, rights and liberties of man and citizen, the federative system, president of the Russian federation, federal assembly, government of the Russian federation, the judiciary, and local self-government. Government Type: Federation.
Coat of Arms of Russian Federation. Grades each country on a scale of 0 to , based on ten freedoms, with representing the greatest amount of economic autonomy from government intervention. Source: Heritage Foundation A very uncertain political and economic outlook and a business environment with many troublesome weaknesses can have a significant impact on corporate payment behavior. Corporate default probability is high. They gathered irregularly to decide upon the most important questions of the state.
They could possess serfs, some of whom became their military men during wartime. There was no longer a need for Sobors, as these noblemen became servants of the tsar and boyars across the country.
Meanwhile, boyars were the first among these noblemen. The boyars had a great influence on politics and the tsar. A European-styled government appeared in Russia under Peter the Great. He destroyed the boyars who had concentrated too much power in their hands. Now, there was the tsar - an ultimate sovereign - and everybody else, who were his servants. Peter obliged all noblemen to serve the state, either in military or civil service, and installed a European legal and government system with collegiums ministries , the Governing Senate and the Church, also controlled by the state.
Physically or financially destroying the most powerful of the old elite, Peter installed a new elite by giving away large plots of land, and made sure the titles became hereditary.
For most of the year history of the Russian Empire, the balance of power was organized as follows: the nobility was dependent on their serfs, who produced sustenance and goods, and the state was dependent on the nobility who fought in the military, organized businesses and developed technology.
The unstable equilibrium crashed when serfdom was abolished in Russia. Russian peasants paid a hard price for their freedom — they had to buy out the land they used from the state.
This impoverished the majority of the population to an even greater degree. Meanwhile, the nobility was deprived of its main source of income and quickly went into decline. The Bolshevik revolution brought an end to the old order, but the Soviet system largely copied the Tsarist one.
It was merged with the state apparatus at all levels. Party officials were formally elected by the population. In Tsarist Russia, nobility was hereditary, while Soviet noblemen could be destroyed in the blink of an eye by simply throwing them out of the Party. The State Duma is composed of members, who are elected for terms of five years.
The Federation Council consists of two representatives from each constituent entity of the Russian Federation. One representative represents the legislative branches of the constituent entities, and the other represents the executives of those entities. The Constitution of the Russian Federation also establishes a judicial branch that is supposed to act independently of the executive and legislative branches of government. The Russian President also appoints the judges of the federal courts.
The economy was contracting, so many Russians found themselves poor and destitute. Nevertheless, Russia was emerging as a vibrant, multiparty democracy. That is, until shortly after the turn of the century.
Putin gained popular support for his actions in Chechnya after he became prime minister in the summer of This popular support paved the way for his ability to make gradual changes to the operations of the Russian government over the years that followed. Arguably the first step Putin took to consolidate his power came in , when the Russian government took over ORT and NTV, two of the most popular independent media outlets in the country.
Thus, he became prime minister once more until , when he was allowed to run for the Presidency again. Between and , it was generally assumed that even though another person was serving as the president, the real power remained with Putin. In , Putin again won the presidential election. He then had the constitution amended to add an extra two years to his four-year term, so that he could remain president until when he was then elected to a second term.
Thus, he can remain in power until Some, however, believe that he will seek to amend the constitution so that he can rule beyond the end of his second consecutive term.
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