Many people have the Epstein-Barr virus in their system throughout their lives without any symptoms. In fact, most people have been exposed to the virus by the time they reach middle age, with the majority acquiring the infection during childhood and severe symptoms more typical during the teen years.
Mono is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus EBV , which is a type of herpes virus and one of the most common human viruses. Other viruses in the herpes family cause cold sores and illnesses like chickenpox. Sometimes the first indication that a person may have mono is a rash that develops after taking the antibiotics amoxicillin or ampicillin. These antibiotics are used for bacterial ailments and are frequently incorporated into treatment when a bacterial cause of a sore throat is suspected prior to a diagnosis.
The best treatment for mono is plenty of rest and fluids, especially early in the illness when symptoms are most severe. For fever and aching muscles, try taking acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Don't take aspirin unless your doctor tells you to. Aspirin has been linked to a serious disease in kids and teens called Reye syndrome, which can lead to liver failure and death.
Mono symptoms usually go away within 2 to 4 weeks. In some teens, though, the tiredness and weakness can last for months. When you start feeling better, take it slow and don't overdo it. Although you can return to school after your fever is gone, you may still feel tired.
Your body will tell you when it's time to rest — listen to it. By taking good care of yourself and resting as much as you need to, you will soon be back to normal, usually within a few weeks. There is no vaccine to protect against the Epstein-Barr virus. But you can help protect yourself by avoiding close contact with anyone who has it.
But fatigue, enlarged lymph nodes and a swollen spleen may last for a few weeks longer. The most common cause of mononucleosis is the Epstein-Barr virus, but other viruses also can cause similar symptoms. This virus is spread through saliva, and you may catch it from kissing or from sharing food or drinks. Although the symptoms of mononucleosis are uncomfortable, the infection resolves on its own without long-term effects. Most adults have been exposed to the Epstein-Barr virus and have built up antibodies.
This means they're immune and won't get mononucleosis. The spleen is a small organ usually about the size of your fist. But a number of conditions, including liver disease and some cancers, can cause your spleen to become enlarged.
Mononucleosis may cause enlargement of the spleen. In extreme cases, your spleen may rupture, causing sharp, sudden pain in the left side of your upper abdomen. If such pain occurs, seek medical attention immediately — you may need surgery.
The Epstein-Barr virus can cause much more serious illness in people who have impaired immune systems. Mononucleosis is spread through saliva. However, these viruses can also spread through blood and semen during sexual contact, blood transfusions, and organ transplantations. There is no vaccine to protect against infectious mononucleosis. You can help protect yourself by not kissing or sharing drinks, food, or personal items, like toothbrushes, with people who have infectious mononucleosis.
If you have infectious mononucleosis, you should not take penicillin antibiotics like ampicillin or amoxicillin. Based on the severity of the symptoms, a healthcare provider may recommend treatment of specific organ systems affected by infectious mononucleosis.
Because your spleen may become enlarged as a result of infectious mononucleosis, you should avoid contact sports until you fully recover. Participating in contact sports can be strenuous and may cause the spleen to rupture.
Laboratory tests are not usually needed to diagnose infectious mononucleosis.
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