Clinical practice generates research questions and knowledge for theory. In a clinical setting, its primary contribution has been the facilitation of reflecting, questioning, and thinking about what nurses do. Because nurses and nursing practice are often subordinate to powerful institutional forces and traditions, introducing any framework that encourages nurses to reflect on, question, and think about what they do provide an invaluable service.
There are different ways to categorize nursing theories. They are classified depending on their function, levels of abstraction, or goal orientation. There are three major categories when classifying nursing theories based on their level of abstraction: grand theory, middle-range theory, and practice-level theory. Theories can also be classified based on their goals.
They can be descriptive or prescriptive. Afaf Ibrahim Meleis , in her book Theoretical Nursing: Development and Progress , organizes the major nurse theories and models using the following headings: needs theories, interaction theories, and outcome theories. These categories indicate the basic philosophical underpinnings of the theories. In her book, Nursing Theorists and Their Work, Raile Alligood categorized nursing theories into four headings: nursing philosophy, nursing conceptual models, nursing theories and grand theories, and middle-range nursing theories.
This section will give you an overview and summary of the various published works in nursing theory in chronological order. Deep dive into learning about the theory by clicking on the links provided for their biography and comprehensive review of their work. See Also: Dorothea E. Orem: Self-Care Theory. See Also: Imogene M. King: Theory of Goal Attainment. See Also: Dorothy E. Johnson: Behavioral Systems Model. See Also: Madeleine M.
Leininger: Transcultural Nursing Theory. Thank you for these theories they are a life saver and simplified. My school require us to write about 2 nursing theorist from memory for a Comprehensive exam in which if you do not pass it you are required to wait for a year to retake the exam. I really appreciate it! From: Cameroon. I wish my instructor were as easy to understand. Good work. I thought this was in a chronological order based on their published works date?
Can someone englighten me please because I am making a timeline for our project. What are Nursing Theories? Hall Joyce Travelbee Kathryn E. Rogers Dorothea E. Orem Imogene M. Johnson Anne Boykin and Savina O. Pender Madeleine M. Leininger Margaret A.
Husted and James H. Husted Ramona T. Mercer Merle H. Nursing theory and practice now go hand in hand, with theory informing academic research, scientific reasoning, and clinical developments to improve the quality of care in nursing. In , Imogene King created the theory of goal attainment, stating that the purpose of the nurse-patient relationship is to meet goals for good health. Today, nursing professionals must understand the intricate connection between nursing theory and practice if they want to lead new practices and have a positive impact on the future of nursing.
Nursing theories can also fall into the following categories based on their philosophical foundations:. Nurses, medical scholars, and other health care professionals are often the ones who develop nursing theories.
Theories emerge from making assumptions and then conducting research — such as through academic studies or hands-on clinical experience — to propose models, concepts, and beliefs based on those assumptions. Theorists might conduct their own studies or use past nursing studies and propositions to further theory development and evolve nursing practices.
Professionals develop nursing theories to inform nursing practice, advance care strategies, and improve patient outcomes for a better quality of life. Nurses can apply them to all six steps of the nursing process: assessment, diagnosis, outcome, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Nursing theories can also help nurses better understand the reasoning behind using care procedures, which outcomes those procedures might yield, and how to optimize practices for the future of care. Health care professionals can use different methodologies to turn theory into applicable practice.
They may use descriptive theories, for example, to further nursing research. These theories describe the properties of a nursing phenomenon or situation. Predictive theories, by contrast, forecast the relationships between nursing properties of phenomena.
Meanwhile, prescriptive theories propose specific nursing practices and outcomes for addressing a phenomenon. Advanced practice nurses must understand how to apply nursing theories to their roles in the medical field. Implementation research in mental health services: an emerging science with conceptual, methodological, and training challenges.
Using the knowledge to action framework in practice: a citation analysis and systematic review. A systematic review of the use of the consolidated framework for implementation research. A qualitative systematic review of studies using the normalization process theory to research implementation processes.
A critical synthesis of literature on the promoting action on research implementation in health services PARIHS framework. Theories of behaviour change synthesised into a set of theoretical groupings: introducing a thematic series on the theoretical domains framework.
Standards for reporting implementation studies StaRI statement. Better reporting of interventions: template for intervention description and replication TIDieR checklist and guide.
The behaviour change wheel: a guide to designing interventions. Great Britain: Silverback Publishing; A guide to using the theoretical domains framework of behaviour change to investigate implementation problems. Implementing evidence-based practice in healthcare: a facilitation guide. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge; Book Google Scholar. Eat, walk, engage: an interdisciplinary collaborative model to improve care of hospitalized elders.
Am J Med Qual. CHERISH collaboration for hospitalised elders reducing the impact of stays in hospital : protocol for a multi-site improvement program to reduce geriatric syndromes in older inpatients. BMC Geriatr. Download references. The funding body had no input into the design of the study or in collection, analysis and interpretation of data nor in writing the manuscript.
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. EAL, AM, ALK, GH conceptualised the idea and prepared preliminary draft outline, all authors wrote sections of the manuscript, all authors read and approved final draft. Correspondence to Elizabeth A. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Table S1. Review papers about use of theoretical approaches. This table provides summaries of published manuscripts which review use of 6 theoretical approaches.
DOCX 15 kb. Reprints and Permissions. Lynch, E. Download citation. Received : 12 June Accepted : 31 October Published : 14 November Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Skip to main content. Search all BMC articles Search. Download PDF. Kitson 4 , Sarah C. Abstract Background A multitude of theories, models and frameworks relating to implementing evidence-based practice in health care exist, which can be overwhelming for clinicians and clinical researchers new to the field of implementation science.
Main text In this article, a multidisciplinary group of clinicians and health service researchers present a pragmatic guide to help clinicians and clinical researchers understand what implementation theories, models and frameworks are; how a theoretical approach to implementation might be used; and some prompts to consider when selecting a theoretical approach for an implementation project.
Conclusion By assisting clinicians and clinical researchers to become confident in selecting and applying theoretical approaches to implementation, we anticipate an increase in theory-informed implementation projects. Background Clinicians and clinical researchers usually have expert knowledge about evidence-based interventions for different clinical conditions. Therefore the aims of this paper are to: Demystify some of the jargon through defining the nature and role of frameworks, models and theories Describe and compare commonly used theoretical approaches, and how they are applied in practice Suggest how to select a theoretical approach based on purpose, scope and context of the individual project The suggestions made in this debate paper are derived from our experiential knowledge as a multidisciplinary group of clinicians and health service researchers with interest and experience in implementation science in different international settings.
Main text Defining frameworks, models and theories Some researchers have delineated between frameworks, models and theories, whereas other researchers use these terms interchangeably. Generally for more detail refer to cited reference [ 5 ]: A framework lists the basic structure and components underlying a system or concept. Table 1 Summary of ten commonly applied theoretical approaches to implementation Full size table. Five questions to help select a theoretical approach.
Full size image. How a theoretical approach can support a project at different stages. Conclusions We have written this paper based on our collective clinical and research experience to assist clinicians and clinical researchers to plan, conduct and evaluate implementation projects. References 1. Article Google Scholar 2. Article Google Scholar 3. Article Google Scholar 4. Article Google Scholar 7.
Article Google Scholar 9. Article Google Scholar Google Scholar Book Google Scholar Article Google Scholar Download references. Acknowledgements We thank Heilok Cheng for assistance in preparing the manuscript for submission.
Availability of data and materials Not applicable. Hunter Authors Elizabeth A. Lynch View author publications. View author publications. Ethics declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate Not applicable. Consent for publication Not applicable. Additional file. Additional file 1: Table S1. About this article. Cite this article Lynch, E. Copy to clipboard.
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