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How do I increase insulin sensitivity? When you eat carbohydrates, your digestive system breaks down sugars and starches into glucose, which is used for energy. The energy fuels physical activity and physiological functions, such as breathing and maintaining body temperature, says Oklahoma State University. In addition, glucose is the sole source of energy for the brain, nervous system and developing red blood cells. Excess glucose is stored as glycogen. As blood glucose levels drop, the body breaks down glycogen to provide glucose.
Glycogen reserves are only large enough to supply half a day of energy needs, so you need a frequent intake of carbohydrates, notes Oklahoma State. Some parts of the body can use fat as a source of energy, but the brain, nervous system and red blood cells can't. If your carbohydrate intake is too low, protein in muscles is broken down to produce glucose to fuel these body parts.
When this happens, the depletion of protein in muscles can result in muscle loss. The glucose-to-triglycerides pathway results in fat accumulation, which has fueled the low-carb craze.
Although excess carbohydrates are stored in humans as fat, it's important to note that this effect is associated with simple carbohydrates rather than complex carbohydrates. Simple carbohydrates consist of sugars and refined grains, while complex carbohydrates consist of vegetables and whole grains.
Since excess sugar turns into fat, you should limit your intake of refined carbohydrates, advises the NCSF. Conversely, reducing the intake of total carbohydrates or complex carbohydrates leads to the loss of protein and can culminate in dehydration and other ills.
The conversion of carbohydrates to triglycerides increases the risk of developing heart disease. High triglycerides are associated with arterial plaque buildup and blood vessel damage. It's also linked to a higher likelihood of blood clots, notes the NCSF.
Like carbohydrates, fats are an essential nutrient needed for multiple body functions, including energy. MedlinePlus reports that, during exercise, the body first uses calories from carbohydrates. After 20 minutes, calories from fat begin to be used to supply the energy required for physical activity. The University of Utah Genetic Science Learning Center says that 80 to 85 percent of the body's energy reserves are in stored fat.
While the brain needs glucose from carbohydrates to use as fuel, the muscles and liver prefer to use fat as their energy source. Between meals, fat is slowly released from storage sites to fuel the cells. Your Email Address. Send Email. Get alerted each time we publish a new article, and receive useful guides direct to your inbox.
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Key Point: Providing the human body has enough glucose to meet immediate energy needs, excess amounts are stored in cells as glycogen for future use. Key Point: Carbohydrates have oxidative priority over dietary fat. A high-carbohydrate, high-calorie diet may result in fat being stored as adipose tissue because of low fat oxidation rates.
Key Point: Carbohydrates rarely get converted to and stored as fat. However, when consumed in excess, this conversion can happen at low levels via de novo lipogenesis. Notify of. Newest Oldest Most Voted. Inline Feedbacks.
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