The colon contracts as it moves digested food and waste. In a healthy colon, these contractions are painless, and people rarely notice them. However, certain conditions that affect the colon may cause pain. For example, when the colon is irritated, inflamed, infected, obstructed, or impeded, strong contractions may occur.
These can cause pain and discomfort. For example, some may have general abdominal pain, while others may feel pain in a specific spot. People may also feel pain in the area of the rectum, just above the anus.
This pain may feel sharp and stabbing or dull and achy. There are several medical conditions and temporary digestive issues that can cause colon pain. The sections below discuss these in more detail. When stool is too large or too hard, it cannot pass out of the colon and rectum comfortably. This can cause abdominal pain and pain near the rectum and anus.
Sometimes, hard stools can cause tears in the lining of the anus, or anal fissures. This can lead to bleeding and pain with bowel movements. People with constipation may need more fiber in their diet. They can help soften the stool and allow it to pass more easily by:.
Certain medications can also cause constipation. A person with medication-related constipation should talk with their doctor if this side effect is causing them distress. Diarrhea has a variety of potential causes, ranging from food intolerances to viruses and bacteria. These fast contractions may cause abdominal pain and cramping that leads to colon pain.
Loose stools may also irritate the anus, causing burning and stinging. These were high, intermediate, and low. The present case is of intermediate variety since the descending colon was short and mobile immediately after the splenic flexure. The right sigmoid colon has been reported radiographically with barium enema, by Fiorella and Donnelly [ 5 ] and Saxena et al. Komiyama and Shimada [ 2 ] have also described a right-sided sigmoid loop behind the ascending colon in an adult.
Considering these reports, the present case stands as a rare finding in adults in describing an intermediate origin of the sigmoid colon with a bent hairpin shape lying on the right side anterior to the cecum and ascending colon. The primary ontogenic factors responsible for positional variations of the colon are the differential development of abdominal organs with their peritoneal coverings and a mechanical factor [ 7 ]. The reduction of physiological hernia starts with the cranial limb of the herniated gut passing to the right of the caudal limb and the intra-abdominal septum of the colon and its mesocolon.
This cranial limb pushes the septum to the left, laying it against the left dorsal wall. These coils then pass in part across the abdomen to the left. The presence of jejunal loops in the left upper quadrant contributes to the development of the normal splenic flexure. In the present case, it is postulated after promoting the formation of splenic flexure that the jejunal loops failed to vacate the left upper quadrant and did not migrate ventrally and inferiorly, acting as a mechanical factor located between the primitive parietal peritoneum and the left wall of the mesocolon, hindering the fusion of the two.
This explains the position of the right colon having common mesentery with the small intestine, crossing the spine from left to right in front of the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava Fig. The presence of an undescended lumbar cecum could be due to presence of a sigmoid loop in the right iliac fossa hindering the descent of the cecum. A malpositioned sigmoid colon poses problems in investigation, diagnosis, and intervention.
Interpretation of a plain abdominal radiograph with a gas shadow in the right iliac fossa can cause difficulty during surgical intervention because gas in the right sigmoid loop can be mistaken for cecal gas [ 8 ].
Interventional radiologists should be aware of the possibility of such variation in procedures, including percutaneous cecostomy and anterior transperitoneal approach of the kidney to avoid colon puncture [ 6 , 9 ].
The presence of a right-sided superior sigmoid artery can affect the surgical management of rectal cancer involving amputation of the rectum and lowering of the colon in the perineum [ 10 ]. Correlation of the anatomy and morphology of attachment of the sigmoid mesocolon is important in laparoscopic surgery, as it helps radiologists to identify the pathway of the spread of diseases of the colon and pancreas.
National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Journal List Anat Cell Biol v. Anat Cell Biol. Published online Dec Find articles by Preeti Shrivastava.
Find articles by Anita Tuli. Find articles by Sohinder Kaur. Find articles by Shashi Raheja. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Corresponding author. Corresponding author: Preeti Shrivastava. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. The best way to fix problems with your large intestine is to find them as early as possible. Skip to main content. Find Doctors Services Locations. Medical Professionals.
Research Community. Medical Learners. Job Seekers. Patient Resources. The Digestive Process: The Large Intestine The large intestine is one of the many important parts of your digestive tract. Anatomy of your large intestine Your small intestine connects to your large intestine in the lower right part of your belly abdomen.
It's divided into several segments: Cecum. Maintain a healthy weight. Exercise regularly. Stay hydrated and drink plenty of water each day. Don't smoke. Drink alcohol only in moderation. Warning signs of trouble with your large intestine may include the following: A change in bowel habits Bloating Abdominal pain Constipation Diarrhea Blood in your stool Tell your healthcare provider if you have any of these symptoms.
Back to Top. Masseter Medically reviewed by the Healthline Medical Network. Posterior cecal artery Medically reviewed by the Healthline Medical Network. Anterior cecal vein Medically reviewed by the Healthline Medical Network. Small intestine Medically reviewed by the Healthline Medical Network. Pancreas Medically reviewed by the Healthline Medical Network. Mouth Medically reviewed by the Healthline Medical Network. Gastroepiploic artery Medically reviewed by the Healthline Medical Network.
What is the Vagus Nerve? Medically reviewed by Seunggu Han, M. Fimbriae Medically reviewed by the Healthline Medical Network.
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